A serious health concern that often goes unnoticed is the alarming presence of mental illness on college campuses.
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Community Issues
Caregivers are often people who are there to provide support and help for people who can’t live their lives under “normal” circumstances, or people who need others’ assistance to complete their day-to-day activities. Other than children or the elderly, the people who need help from caregivers are classified as the “chronically ill”. Caregivers exist to help people with chronic illnesses that create severe life impairment complete their day-to-day activities, and also improve their mental well-being. Caregivers come in all shapes and sizes, from all kinds of backgrounds or ethnicities, and provide care for many different reasons.
Comorbidity typically refers to a condition "existing simultaneously with and usually independently of another medical condition". This can be any combination of illnesses or conditions, whether mental, physical, or perceived, that almost always make the patient’s lives more challenging and worsen their life quality.
In a first-of-its-kind study published in the American Journal of Affective Medicine in 20132, five researchers reported their conclusion that, across all major mental health issues (sorted here as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, general anxiety, major depression, eating disorders, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, schizophrenia, and suicide), information searches about mental health issues on Google peak high during the winter months and drop to a significantly lower level during the summer.
Approximately seven million Americans have enrolled in public health insurance since the Affordable Care Act was initiated in 2013. Through the recently revamped Health Insurance Marketplace, nearly one million more Americans have gained health coverage since Thanksgiving.
As the end of 2014 approaches and important deadlines creep closer, we've provided ten things consumers should know about the Health Insurance Marketplace for 2015.
- United States' citizens, lawful nationals, and immigrants with an approved status are eligible to shop for health insurance using the Health Insurance Marketplace.
- The last day to enroll in Marketplace coverage that will begin as soon as January 1, 2015, is December 15, 2014. February 15, 2015, is the last day to sign up for public health insurance for 2015. Grace periods may be approved in rare circumstances (check here after January 1st). Members of federally recognized tribes or Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act Corporation (ANCSA) shareholders may enroll in Marketplace coverage any time of the year.
- Alas! Public health plans purchased through the Health Insurance Marketplace do not deny coverage based on pre-existing conditions.
- Marketplace insurance plans are parity protected. What does "parity protected" mean?
- Financial requirements for mental health services must be equal to or lesser than those required for most medical services. For example, you cannot be charged a co-payment of $40 for an office visit to a psychologist and $20 for an office visit to a medical doctor if the sum cost for all of your used medical services totals less than $40.
- Insurers cannot put a firm limit on the number of treatment sessions that are covered in a health plan. Care is evaluated on a case-by-case basis for "medical necessity" according to criteria established by treatment and insurance providers.
- A single deductible now applies to both mental health treatment services and medical treatment services. Prior to the parity law, insurance plans could require patients to meet different deductibles for mental health services and medical services. A deductible is the overall amount patients pay out-of-pocket per year before health insurance makes any payments.
- More good news for mental health! All insurance plans purchased through the Health Insurance Marketplace include mental health and substance use disorder services as an essential health benefit. An essential health benefit is part of a comprehensive package of services that must be covered in a health plan. In the individual and small group markets, both inside and outside of the Health Insurance Marketplace, essential health benefits are guaranteed.
- The other 9 essential health benefits: ambulatory services (outpatient services you can get without being admitted to a hospital); emergency services; hospitalization (e.g., surgery); pregnancy, maternity and newborn services (e.g., neonatal care); prescription drug services; rehabilitative services; laboratory services (e.g., HIV testing, blood work); preventative and wellness services (e.g., screening for alcohol misuse, blood pressure, depression, diet, tobacco use, etc.); and pediatric services (i.e., primary care for children).
- You may be eligible for savings on Marketplace health insurance depending on your income and household size. Individuals with annual incomes below $46,680, and families of four with incomes below $95,400, will generally qualify for savings. This chart will guide you in discovering if you or your family qualify for low-cost health coverage. Children may be enrolled in their parents' health plans, inside or outside of the Health Insurance Marketplace, until age 26.
- The Marketplace Call Center is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Call to start an application, seek help completing an application, compare health plans, or ask a question.
- Click here to browse Marketplace insurance options for 2015. Enter your United States zip code and you will be taken to the unique "shopping site" for your home state. Before electing to enroll in a health plan, be sure to have all necessary documents prepared and gathered.
- For personalized, local help: Try here.
Learn more about insurance and the Affordable Care Act in our Learning Center.
The prevailing perceptions of “macho” masculinity and what it means to be “a man” in America have long overshadowed critical issues related to men’s mental health -- until now. NoStigmas wants to talk about you, guys!
We know that mental health issues do not discriminate by gender. Depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, eating disorders and other major mental health issues similarly affect both men and women. So why are men, on average, three times more likely than women to die by suicide?
Accurately recognizing the warning signs of a mental health condition is sometimes difficult, and sometimes men (and women) are not in-tune with their emotions. Men may feel added social pressures to be bold, confident, and stoic. Popular culture reinforces the image of the “masculine man” as powerful, courageous, competitive and successful.
While these traits are admirable, they are deserving of compromise. The social construction of masculinity is problematic because it does not leave room for anxieties, doubts, misconceptions or struggles. Reality tells us that life is full of little (and big!) anxieties and struggles. We want to help our men prioritize their mental health habits and manage their “emotional teaspoons”. Let’s #RedefineNormal and let our men know - You are not alone.
- DO talk to a loved one, a trusted friend, or a professional health provider at the first indication of a mental health issue. Talk to us, even! You can request a NoStigmas mentor here.
- DO maintain a healthy diet and engage in moderate physical activity 2-3 times a week. Watching your waistline and other key health numbers (like blood pressure and cholesterol) will also benefit your long-term health. Check out the 6 biggest trend shifts in fitness here.
- DO reflect on yourself. This is essential to self-management! Take time out of your day to think and reflect on present irritations, hopes and pleasures, and immediate or future plans. If a journal isn’t quite your style, try taking this step and installing this personal health template from Microsoft Office to your personal computer. It downloads directly to Microsoft Excel, and the rest is health history!
- DON’T consume excess alcohol. If you choose to drink alcohol, do so only in moderation. For men younger than age 65, alcohol consumption is considered moderate if individuals consume up to two drinks per day. One drink is equivalent to a 12 oz. beer, a 5 oz. glass of wine, or a 1.5 oz. shot (80 proof).
- DON’T mess with your sleep schedule. Our quality of sleep influences how much food we consume, our metabolism speed, and how well we cope with our stress. Check out these 7 steps to better sleep.
- DON’T use tobacco products. Smoking is among the unhealthiest vices known to man. To pick up a healthier habit, try these mediation tips for beginners.
Visit our Learning Center to learn more about men's mental health! Also, check out some other "manly" support systems:
Post-traumatic stress disorder is not the only mental health issue among military veterans and active personnel. What are some other mental health problems and how can we help?
In the U.S., approximately five million men experience depression in a given year. Male depression is a serious mental disorder and needs immediate treatment. Yet, it often goes untreated and underdiagnosed in men.
BARRIER #1: ATTITUDINAL BARRIERS
Attitudinal barriers commonly cause those living with mental illness to avoid seeking mental health services. These attitudinal barriers can include believing that a mental illness will resolve on its own or not believing in the beneficial aspects of psychiatric care.
As an example, look to a 2009 Psychiatric Services study which examined needs for mental health services in a sample of 272 veterans who met screening criteria for a mental health condition. Researchers found that negative beliefs about mental health services were strongly associated with concerns about barriers to care and an increased perception of mental illness stigma. Negative beliefs about mental health care were also associated with a decreased likelihood of mental health counseling in the six months prior to interview.
Can attitudinal barriers be adjusted?
Educational interventions introduced throughout the early school years could work to develop a better publicly-shared understanding about mental illness. Ideally, educational interventions would orient children and young adults toward social inclusion and pro-social action. Programs introduced during the final years of high school could include contact with a person living with mental illness; this person could contribute to the intervention process on a voluntary basis by sharing her/his experience of living with a mental health condition. Interventions successful in aiding the development of empathy toward those with mental illness may prove successful in removing attitudinal barriers toward mental health issues and treatment.
Strengthening support in local communities could be facilitated by the creation of weekly or monthly community meetings centered around mental health and well-being. Meetings would bring community members together with the shared goals of spreading information about mental health issues and resources, bolstering public support, and creating community bonds. If a wellness group is missing in your community, consider discussing with friends, family or town board members the possibility of starting a mental health and wellness group near you. The number of interested people may surprise you!
Note: Some organizations, such as NoStigmas and Mental Health America, provide a link for locating mental health support facilities across the country.
[button color="#8ba33b" size="small" link="https://www.nostigmas.org/mental_health_barrier_2/"]BARRIER #2: MENTAL ILLNESS STIGMAS -->[/button]
Overview
Starting in 2014, the Affordable Care Act (sometimes referred to as Obamacare) will begin to take effect. A comprehensive summary of the entire Act can be found here, but here’s a quick overview of some of the changes that will take place:
- Comprehensive and accessible treatment options
- Coverage for pre-existing conditions
- No more dropped coverage due to illness
- More access to preventative care
- Restrictions on lifetime and annual limits
- Coverage for young adults under parents’ plan until age 26
- More access to Medicaid**
Affordable Care Act & Mental Health
The Affordable Care Act offers some benefits that specifically impact mental health care and treatment. These benefits are an expansion of the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008, which required insurance providers to treat mental health/substance abuse issues as equal to physical illnesses or disorders. While all of the specifics aren’t known yet, below are some of the changes that will occur in regards to mental health:
- There will be increased coverage for mental health services. About20% of people who currently have insurance receive no benefits for treatment of mental illnesses. Treatment, certain prevention services and screening for mental health issues (including substance abuse) will also be covered under the Affordable Care Act.
- Those who are uninsured or underinsured are now able to get coverage. Mental health issues or disorders have previously been a barrier to receiving or affording coverage, as it could be considered a pre-existing condition. After the Affordable Care Act takes effect, pre-existing conditions can no longer factor in availability or cost of coverage.
- Funding for mental health services and centers will increase. The Affordable Care act also mandates that funding for community mental health centers will increase by $11 billion over the next five years, which includes expanding both preventative and behavioral health services. A portion of this funding will also be dedicated to renovation of existing community health centers or the construction of new centers.
- People will now have the opportunity to designate “health homes”. Those who are eligible for Medicaid will be able to assign health homes, which are medical homes for people who have a serious, chronic condition that may require extended care. The goal of these health homes is to integrate all aspects of a person’s care in a way that promotes comprehensive wellness.
Uninsured?
Those who are uninsured will be required to purchase insurance, or face a penalty per the individual mandate. Subsidies will be in place to help people afford this insurance if they are unable to. However, there are exemptions to the penalty in certain situations such as inability to afford the premium or religious objection.
Immigrant or Undocumented?
According to the National Immigration Law Center, lawfully present immigrants will have restricted or limited benefits, while undocumented immigrants will receive no benefits. A full list of coverage information for each group is available here.
How to sign up
You can visit the official marketplace website at Healthcare.gov, or click here to find the marketplace website for your state. The marketplace enrollment dates are from October 1, 2013 to March 31, 2014. Those who enroll by December 15, 2013 will have coverage effective January 1, 2014.
Meditation is a form of complementary and alternative medicine. There are numerous reasons to practice meditation. One common reason is for health related purposes. In fact, some people use this therapy to cope with illnesses. It is a great stress reliever that can be used to increase calmness and physical relaxation. Mediation can also improve practitioner’s psychological balance in aiding with the treatment of Depression and Anxiety disorders such as conversion disorder. By practicing meditation, one can approach their thoughts and emotions more positively. It can refine practitioner’s ability to focus their attention as well. Recently, the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) studies reveal that meditation can also improve attention-related abilities. This is very useful to those with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or Attention Deficit Disorder.
According to the NCCAM, previous research has demonstrated that mindfulness meditation may reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression as well. This form of meditation focuses attention on breathing techniques to develop increased awareness of the present. A study was completed about meditation and it’s affect on the brain utilizing a mindfulness-based stress reduction. The study’s purpose is to distinguish specific brain regions of the participants. The results showed that “Brain images in the meditation group revealed increases in gray matter concentration in the left. The hippocampus is an area of the brain involved in learning, memory, and emotional control, and is suspected of playing a role in producing some of the positive effects of meditation.” This proves that an underlying brain mechanism is associated with the mindfulness meditation in mental health. Overall, meditation can be great tool to help aid in treating mental illnesses. It would work best used in combination with other treatments. Meditation should not be used as a replacement for conventional care or as a reason to postpone seeing a doctor about a medical problem.
According to the American Music Therapy Association, music therapy is defined as the “...clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program.” These music therapy sessions can include making, listening, and discussing about music. In other words, it is an alternative therapy that uses music to help individuals develop interpersonal relationships and help address their issues. These issues could be physical, psychological, cognitive and/or social functioning . Most music therapists offer services in psychiatric treatment centers, outpatient clinics, community mental health centers, substance abuse programs, group homes, rehabilitation facilities, medical hospitals, senior centers, schools, hospice and other facilities. Other therapists have private practices.
Music therapy is used for several reasons. It is used for physical rehabilitation, emotional support, and as an emotional outlet. Music therapy is useful for mental health needs because it uses musical interaction as a means of communication and expression. It helps express personal feelings that makes positive changes in mood and emotional states. This form of communication helps resolves conflicts leading to stronger family and peer relationships. It also provides a sense of control over life through successful experiences.
There are some misconceptions about music therapy. One misconception is that a patient needs some particular music ability to benefit from music therapy. This is false because prior music training is not needed at all for therapy to be affective. Another misconception is that this treatment is meant for only children and adolescents. However, Music therapy can be used for patients of all ages. Lastly, only one type of music is used in music therapy. This is untrue due to the fact that all styles of music can be used in Music therapy. In fact, a music therapist determines which music is to used by the patient’s preferences, circumstances, goals and his/her need for treatment.
Music therapy, as an addition to standard care, helps people with schizophrenia to improve their global state, and may also improve mental state and functioning if a sufficient number of music therapy sessions are provided. Music therapy could be used with drug rehabilitation for substance abuse disorders. Also, it could be used for depression as well. Some possible outcomes are reducing anxiety, releasing emotions safely, improving self-image, increasing verbalization, self-esteem, and motivation. Overall, music therapy is most successful with additional healthcare and educational settings.
[tabs][tab title="Depression"] (Def.):" a mood disorder marked especially by sadness, inactivity, difficulty with thinking and concentration, a significant increase or decrease in appetite and time spent sleeping, feelings of dejection and hopelessness, and sometimes suicidal thoughts or an attempt to commit suicide." (Medline Plus Dictionary)
- Trazodone
- Amoxapine
- Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
- Aripiprazole (Abilify)
- Nortriptyline
- Protriptyline
- Carbamazepine
- Fluvoxamine
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[tab title="Anxiety"] (Def.)": any of various disorders (as panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, a phobia, or generalized anxiety disorder) in which anxiety is a predominant feature—called also anxiety neurosis, anxiety state."(Medlineplus Medical Dictionary)
- Venlafaxine
- Prochlorperazine
- Hydroxyzine
- Clonazepam (Klonopin)
- Alprazolam (Xanax)
- Nortriptyline
- Fluoxetine
- Imipramine (Geodon)
- Carbamazepine
- Citalopram (Celexa)
- Trazodone
- Chlordiazepoxide
- Butabarbital
- Oxazepam
[/tab]
[tab title="Bi-polar Disorder"] (Def.):"any of several mood disorders characterized usually by alternating episodes of depression and mania or by episodes of depression alternating with mild nonpsychotic excitement."(Medlineplus Medical Dictionary)
- Lithium
- Risperidone
- Aripiprazole (Abilify)
- Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
- Carbamazepine
- Valproic Acid
- Symbyax
- Ziprasidone (Geodon)
- Mirtazapine (Remeron)
- Fluoxetine
- Amitriptyline
- Generic lamotrigine
- Phenelzine (Nardil)
- Nortriptyline
- Clomipramine
- Amoxapine
[/tab]
[tab title="ADD/ADHD"] (Def.):"Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiogical disorder seen in both children and adults that is comprised of deficits in behavioral inhibition, sustained attention and resistance to distraction, and the regulation of one’s activity level to the demands of a situation." (Adhdaware.org)
- Amitriptyline
- Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
- Valproic Acid
- Dextroamphetamine and Amphetamine (Biphetamine)
- Fluoxetine
- Amitriptyline
- Melatonin
- Dextroamphetamine (Dexampex)
- Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Metadate, Concerta, Daytrana)
- Atomoxetine
- Lisdexamfetamine
- Guanfacine (Intuniv)
- Methylphenidate Transdermal Patch
- Dexmethylphenidate
- Zinc
- Fish Oil (Supplement)
- Iron (Supplement)
- SAMe (dietary supplement)
- Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)
- Magnesium
- Niacin and niacinamide (Vitamin B3) Supplements
[/tab]
[tab title="Schizophrenia"] (Def.):"a psychotic disorder characterized by loss of contact with the environment, by noticeable deterioration in the level of functioning in everyday life, and by disintegration of personality expressed as disorder of feeling, thought (as in delusions), perception (as in hallucinations), and behavior."(Medlineplus Medical Dictionary)
- Ziprasidone (Geodon)
- Lurasidone
- Paliperidone (Invega)
- Asenapine
- Iloperidone
- Loxapine
- Lithium
[/tab]
[tab title="Eating Disorders"] (Def.) :"any of several psychological disorders (as anorexia nervosa or bulimia) characterized by serious disturbances of eating behavior." (Medlineplus Medical Dictionary)
- Fluoxetine (Prozac)
- Amitriptyline
- Imipramine
- Citalopram (Celexa)
- Zinc
- *Zyprexa
- Prozac
- Paxil
- Xanax
- Naltrexone
- Vitamin A Supplement
- DHEA Supplement
- SAMe (Dietary Supplement)
[/tab]
[/tabs]
According to Medlineplus Dictionary, yoga is “a system of physical postures, breathing techniques, and meditation derived from Yoga, but often practiced independently especially in Western cultures to promote bodily or mental control and well-being.” It is considered a mind-body type of alternative therapy. There are many styles of yoga, but the most common style is hatha yoga. Medlineplus Dictionary defines hatha yoga as the “ form of yoga emphasizing a system of physical postures for balancing, stretching, and strengthening the body.” It is a good choice for stress management. Beginners may like the hatha yoga for it’s slower pace and easier movements. Yogahas two main components: poses (also known as postures) and breathing. These postures are designed to increase strength and flexibility. They range from lying on the floor to difficult postures such as “Handstand”. Pregnant women, and people with medical conditions should modify, or avoid certain poses. Breathing is also an essential part of yoga as well. Yoga instructors teaches yoga students how to control their breathing. The instructors instill the notion that control breathing leads to control over mind and body.
Practicing yoga comes with health benefits as well. Numerous studies have established that yoga can help with stress reduction, mood enhancement, and an overall sensation of well-being. Practicing yoga can lead to improvement in fitness. This includes improving balance, flexibility, range of motion, and strength. It is also helpful in complementary to conventional treatment of mental disorders. Yoga can help alleviate mental disorders such as depression, anxiety and substance abuse disorder such as alcoholism. In fact, yoga can reduce reactions to the events that prompt symptoms of conversion disorder. Yoga Nidra is a relaxation and meditative form of yoga. It has been used as an adjunctive treatment for Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Before beginning yoga, There are some precautions that should be taken. A health care provider or local hospital or any trusted source can recommend a yoga practitioner. Only use professional organizations to find practitioners who have completed an acceptable training program. For your safety, report any alternative therapy such as yoga to your health provider. Do not use yoga as a replacement for conventional treatment since it is the most useful conjoined with conventional treatment.
Light therapy (sometimes referred to as phototherapy or bright light therapy) is a type of treatment that uses light to treat many different disorders.
Acupuncture is defined as “an originally Chinese practice of inserting fine needles through the skin at specific points especially to cure disease or relieve pain.” It is a form of Asian medicine and alternative therapy which can treat physical, mental, and emotional conditions.
According to the "American Art Therapy Association, “art therapy is a mental health profession in which clients, facilitated by the art therapist, use art media, the creative process, and the resulting artwork to explore their feelings, reconcile emotional conflicts, foster self-awareness, manage behavior and addictions, develop social skills, improve reality orientation, reduce anxiety, and increase self-esteem.”
Bipolar disorder is a mental illness that causes intense mood swings-- often called episodes-- that can range from mania to depression. These episodes should not be confused with the normal ups and downs that most people experience, as they can have serious consequences and the condition can worsen if left untreated.
Just like a person can suffer from a physical illness-- such as a diabetes or heart disease-- they can also suffer from mental illnesses or disorders.
Substance abuse is the misuse of any substance that interferes with daily functioning, and (in some cases) is different from its intended use. Substances can be either illegal or legal, in the case of prescription or over the counter medications. Substance abuse does not necessarily refer to addiction, but can lead to addiction.